The Taruma and Sunda kingdoms

Wysłany: Pią 9:58, 04 Mar 2011

In 1815, there may have been 5 million people in Java.[13] In the second half of the eighteenth century, population spurts began in districts along the north-central coast of Java,cheap nhl jerseys and in the nineteenth century population grew rapidly across the island. Factors for the great population growth include the impact of Dutch colonial rule including the imposed end to civil war in Java, the increase in the area under rice cultivation, and the introduction of food plants such as casava and maize which could sustain populations that could not afford rice.[14] cheap nba jerseys Others attribute the growth to the taxation burdens and increased expansion of employment under the Cultivation System to which couples responded by having more children in the hope of increasing their families' ability to pay tax and buy goods.[15] Cholera claimed 100,000 lives in Java in 1820.[16]
The advent of trucks and railways where there had previously only been buffalo and carts, telegraph systems, and more coordinated distribution systems under the colonial government all contributed to famine elimination in Java, and in turn, population growth. ed hardy bikini There were no significant famines in Java from the 1840s through to the Japanese occupation in the 1940s.[17] Ethnological factors are also thought to have contributed to the increase in population. In Java, there was no absolute preference for boy babies which was significant in Java where agriculture depends on the labour of both men and women.luxury watches cheap Furthermore,swiss watches cheap, the age of first marriage dropped during the nineteenth century thus increasing a women's child bearing years.
The Taruma and Sunda kingdoms of western Java appeared in the fourth and seventh centuries respectively. However, the first major principality was the Medang Kingdomwhich was founded in central Java at the beginning of the eight century. Medang's religion centred on the Hindu god Shiva, and the kingdom produced some of Java's earliest Hindu temples on the Dieng Plateau. Around 8th century the Sailendra dynasty rose in Kedu Plain and become the patron of Mahayana Buddhism. breitling watches This ancient kingdom built monuments such as 9th century Borobudur and Prambanan in central Java.
Around 10th century the center of power shifted from central to eastern Java. The eastern Javanese kingdoms of Kediri, Singhasariand Majapahit were mainly dependent on rice agriculture, yet also pursued trade within the Indonesian archipelago with China and India.